The global economy has demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of sharp interest rate increases by central banks over the past two years. Despite concerns of a looming recession, major economies, particularly the U.S., have managed to evade a severe economic downturn, with the labor market remaining robust. This unexpected resiliency has prompted discussions around potential rate cuts as inflation continues to decrease and growth slows. However, Steven Wieting, chief investment strategist and chief economist at Citi Global Wealth, believes that an “economic collapse” is not necessary to rein in inflation and restore sustainable growth.
Wieting argues against the notion of needing a second recession to resolve the inflation problem. He points out that the global economy has already experienced a massive shock due to the pandemic, leading to temporary manufacturing and trade declines. However, he believes that these pressures will likely reach their nadir within the year. Contrary to expectations, the global economy can recover without facing another significant collapse.
Inflation Rates and Monetary Policy
U.S. headline inflation stood at an annual 3.4% year-on-year in December, above the Federal Reserve’s target of 2%. However, it has significantly declined from its peak of 9.1% in June 2022. The upcoming personal consumption expenditure (PCE) inflation figure will provide more insights into the Federal Reserve’s decision on rate cuts. A preliminary estimate of fourth-quarter GDP growth is also expected, with the economy projected to have grown by 1.7%, its slowest rate since the second quarter of 2022.
Wieting emphasizes that the current period of slower global growth and decreasing employment in the United States can lead to a healthier growth phase. Investors should focus on the year ahead and beyond, recognizing that the current economic challenge stems from excess government fiscal stimulus linked to the pandemic recovery, which is not expected to be repeated. Wieting highlights a decline of 4% in money supply in the United States over the past year, which contrasts with the double-digit growth of the 1970s that fueled sustained inflation.
Looking Ahead
The global economy’s path to restoring inflation to target levels and achieving sustainable growth does not necessitate a collapse. With measured monetary policy adjustments and careful evaluation of government fiscal stimulus, the economy can rebound without the need for a severe recession. As the manufacturing and trade declines bottom out, a healthier growth phase becomes increasingly plausible. Investors should remain cautiously optimistic about the future, recognizing the potential for a more stable economic landscape in the coming years.
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